1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2022
/ 5  
 
(     )
  : 3   :100
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.               
2.    ?          
-
3.       ?     
4.      ?         
    
-
5.            ,     
2
Easy2Siksha
6.      '          
-
7. 
     ?           ' 

8.       ?              

3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2022
/ 5  
 
(     )
  : 3   :100
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.               
:     
1.  :   6
        ,
          -   
:
  :    , ,   
  
   :      ,   
    '   
 :     '  ,   ,
       
  :-      ,  , 
   
2.  :           :
 :,       .  
  "    ?"  "  ?"
4
Easy2Siksha
 :         "  ?"
      "
    
  ?"
 : -   '        
    "    ?"  "     ?"
:    .        
     
 :,         .    
 "  ?"  "      
 ?"
3.   :         -   
 :
 :          , 
 '       
 :       '    
  
          
 :           ,  
       
:      '    ,   
        
4.    :   -       :
  :        .
   :        ,   

 :       .
   :  ,     
  :      ,    , ,   
  
   
1.     :
-  :        
        
5
Easy2Siksha
  (469-399 ..):         , 
      '   
 (427-347 ..):   ,       
 ,         
 (384-322 ..):   ,   , ,  
             
  

2.   :
  (354-430 .):      ,
        '    
    (1225-1274):       
,   , ,         
  
3.   :
   (1596-1650):   '      , 
  ",  " (  ,   )   
   (1724-1804):      , 
        '  
     (1770-1831):    
      ,       


4.    :
 :  , ,     '     
  -      
  :           
    
  :         
         
5.    :       -   
 :
:         

6
Easy2Siksha
 :,          
  
    :        

 
   :,       
      
6.     :
  :            
         
:   '       
    
 :   '          


 :  ,        , , ,  
                 
           
   - 
     
2.    ?          
:   
                
           , - 
   '      ,       
         ,   ,   

    ,       ,  
  ,           
      '    ,      
 ,       
7
Easy2Siksha
  
            
      '          
    
;   ,       ' 
        :
1.    :          
  ,           '
     ,  
   ,    
    ,      ,    
  
 
2.   :
o   :       
   (1685-1753)        
        '  
   
' "  "  "   "      

o   :       ,  
        
     
    '     ,     

     .    
,     

3.   :
o     :   ,  
  
             ,
      - 
,  
 ,     '   
o     :         
  
        

   ,      
4.     :
o    :      
           
         '   
 ,        ,  
8
Easy2Siksha
'           

o  :       
  '         
         , 
 
         -
    
o   :        
          ' 
           
   -   
 
5.     :
o  :          
          '  ,
         
 
o   : ,      
             
,           
     '  

6.    :
o     :    
       -  
 ,    -     ,  
       
o    :  ,    
             
  ,        
   '   

            
         '   ,   
          ,    
          ,   
      
9
Easy2Siksha
          
               
              
   -           
-
3.       ?     
:      
-:   , 17
   ,    
    ,     ,     '  
      ,        
   
1.   ?
  (16321677)        
,    ,         
            
   
2.    ?
 , ""   '   
     '     
       ,      
        ,      
3.        :
  , ,   '  I       :
                
              '  

  ,             

  -        
10
Easy2Siksha
4.       :
            :
-:              

 ,     ,      '   , 
    '  
 
  :         
   
       
 :      .            ,
         
;      
5.    :
              
            :
         ,  
  
     ,        
 - :   ,          :
  
o  :            
     ,       
o :       
     
   ,    ,       
6.        :
                  
 ""       :
   :       
      
                   
        
 :            ,   
,               
 
7.    :
   ,     ,    ""   -   
             
11
Easy2Siksha
     :  ,  , ,     
             
8.          :
         :
   :  
         
    
;        
  :
       ,       
              
 
   '    ;       
  
  :          
          ,      
     
9.    :
                 
               
                 
,     
10.  :
 ,             
, -  
      
    ,
,           , 
   
       
4.      ?         
    
:1. -
 , 17
    ,      
            ,   ' 
,               
       
       
12
Easy2Siksha
    , 
        
          
2.      ?
 ,          ,   
      -          '    
:
: ,   -     -     
       ,   ,   
  
: ,               
              
      , ",  " (  ,   )
   '     ,          
    
3.   
 ,      '        :
 :     ,    -    
       ,    ,  
 
- :     
     
 
 
        '  
4.   
  ,        :
:               
         
:       ,     
         - 
    
5.    
                 -
      
         
 ,         
      
          
13
Easy2Siksha
  ,          
:
 :          
     -      
 , 
    '  ાવ  
    
  
  :             '
 ,       -       
    " "    
6.      
                 
:
-   :         ' -
        ,       
 -     ,        ?
 :           
      ,    
   
       ,     
    
  :  ,    (      
   )   (      
 '  ), -  ' -    =
7.     
   ,          
     :
    :    ,     
       
   :         
             
8. 
              
          -     ,  
              
     ,          ,
14
Easy2Siksha
      -          

-
5.            ,     
:  :
     - 
              , 
 '     '             '
   
  -  
, , ,        
                
           
  
      ,    17
 18
  
           ,     
         
   
             , 
,         
1.  (1632-1704)
              
      " "        ,   
  
     "     " (1690)    
          :
o : ,       
o :         '   
 
15
Easy2Siksha
    (  ,     )   
(   ,     )        
               
2.    (1685-1753)
       
     
          '  
   , "
 " (esse est percipi)
   , "       " (1710),       
          ,  
      
        ,       
 .
            
   
          
         
 '   
3.   (1711-1776)
            
   "    " (1739-1740) ,     
              :
o  s:      ,      
o  :       
               ,  
  '  ,        '  
   
      
        ,       
'               

   
      -  '     
    '  :    '   , 
  ,           
 
      '     
16
Easy2Siksha
  
     
         
        -      
,            ,  
     
  ,   '   -    
    ,           
,          '       
  

               '
    ,           
              ,
              
   '   ,        
   
             
   , ,    ,        
     
6.      '          
:     :   
-   ,           ,
       -  
   
 
           
   , 
    '           
     

  :
               
     ,        
17
Easy2Siksha
 :
1.      :           
 ,     -       
      
2.  :           ,
            ,   
(  2+2=4)      '     
3.  :    '     
      -       ' 
         ,  
 
             ,  
 
      
4.    :        
,              

 ;         
 :
  :   , ",  " ("  ,   ")
   ,         
               
      
   :            
    ,          
   
   :       
      ,        
    
 
  :
             
        , , - (-)    '
      '      
 :
1.  :           
              
18
Easy2Siksha
    ,         
 
2.    :   ,    -   
 ,            
 ,  
--     
3. -:    '  
   ,  
,     '         
        
    
    
4.     :        ,     
             
  ,         

 :
GE :        ,      , 
 '     "-"         
    
.  :          ,   '
 ,     '        '  

 :           
   '  
     
 :
 :    '          
         '      
 :    '          
          ,   
  
   :
 :  '            
     ,      
   '    
19
Easy2Siksha
 :  '     -    '  
  ,    -    
  
    :
 :             
   ,           
 
 :       
  
              


    :
 :          ,    
      '     
 :    ,        
    , -  '   
    :
 :            
         ,    
      
 :   -      
       
   ,     
  ,   '    

             
         '   ,   
      '      ,     
,          ,    
    
               
                
    ,         -  
 
    ,        
 , -
        
20
Easy2Siksha
-
7. 
     ?           ' 

:    ?
       ,    '    
,               
    ,         '  
,     ,     
 ""  ""   ,          

            
;   , 
            
     '          
    :
1.      :           
         ()   
 ,   
,            , 
       ,     
     
2.     :           ,
      
       , 
            -

     ,    " "  ""
 
3.  :              
    
   "
 
?"  
  
   "    ?"       
    ,         
  
4.   :  '          
           ,    
              
      
5. :      ,       
           
    
21
Easy2Siksha
              
   
         
                 

 :
1.      :
                
 
        -  

; 
 ,   '            
             ,  
              , 
       , 
  -  
  
 :
-   :          "   
"                
            
    '       
     
    ,        ""   
 
 :      ,    
""         '   
  
         
  ,   
 ,         ,      
                  
  -        ,      
                
2.    :
   '               
, ,             
      ,     ,    - 
                , 

              
22
Easy2Siksha
 :
  :         , 
             
             
             "
 "             ,
          
 :    -    
"Übermensch" (  )          
        -   
       "   "      
            

   ,   -   
  
3.     :
         ,     
      "  "  ""       
               
      
 :
   :   ""          
        ""    ,  
 
             ""  
       
        
           
-   :         ,   ""
              
              
         - 
    '          , 
 " "   
4.    :
               
             
                
   
23
Easy2Siksha
 :
   :          '  
  ,             .  
         ,       
           ,  
    
-   :       ,     
         ,      
      , 
      
       
 :
               
  '        
    
 ,   , ,       ,      
             - 
 ,        '    ,     
       ,    ,  ,
    
8.       ?              

:      :       
  (      )     
20
         '   '       
   '     (         
)    '  (  ,    )   
            
1920  1930            
,   ,            
          ,     
      '    
    
,  ,          
   
24
Easy2Siksha
    ,    ,  ,   
    
     
            ,  
              
     
 ,   (     ,   ,  
 ) '      
      '  
          ( , 
    )           
   
               
   
           '
     
  
          
1.   
         ,       
                 
              
 
 :          ,  -
, ,             
 ,  "    ' 100   '  "
  
           
      :      
 
   ,   "    "  
  '   
 
       
 '  
 ,         
   ,    
     , "     "  "   " 
     
  ,     
          

25
Easy2Siksha
2.     
        ,   ' -
,     (    ,    
,    )            '
 
   
       
   , 
        '    
 , "    ?"     "     
?"    ,        
     
         
3.  ' 
               
      - ,     -  
              '   
            ,       
 
  ,    (     )   
  
  ,      ,   
   '     
4.     '  
            
              , 
       '         
         
 ,      ""    
,   "" 
              
        ,    '  
     -           
  
     
1.     
           
      ,          
   -,         
        
    '   
     '     
26
Easy2Siksha
2.   
          ,   
          '     
      ,        

       ,      
   
3.         
        ,   "  
  "  "       ,"  
  
    
   
4.        
        ,      
 '    
      
     
 ,               
   '  
5.           
            
      "   "  "   "  
    
 
     
  
           ,        
      
  ,    -     
  
,           
6.    '  
   '            
      '       ,  
        ,      
  , ,   '      
       
          
    ,      
                 
   :
27
Easy2Siksha
-:           '  
  '  
,         


    :         
      
  ,    
             ' 

  (  - )
       :, ,   
   ,        
        ,      
          
   
      
 ,    ,        20
               
 ,
     ,        

        

20
           
             
  ,      '        
             
,               
   ,        ,   , 
         
:       Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         